Cutter-shaping machine.



I'. H. PIERPONT. GUTTER SHAHNG MACHINE.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

lfl

wihwoaao F. H. PIERPONT.

GUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

APrLIoA'rIoH rILnn ooT.1,19oe.

Patented Apr. 18,1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

gni

wir use:

F. H. PIERPUNT. CUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

ArrLroATIon num our. 1,1oos.

Pafiented Apr. 18, 1911.

v11 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Wig.

Wi h1 mazo F.H. PIERPONT. GUTTER SHAPING MACHINE. APPLIoATloN FILED 00T.1,1906.

Patented Apr. 18,1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEBT 6.

F. H. PIERPONT.

GUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION FILED ooT.1,19oe.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

. P` H. PIERPONT.

CUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIONFILED 00T. 1,1906. 989,636. Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

F. H. PIERPONT.

GUTTER SHAPING MACHINE. ArPLIoA'rIoN MLB 00T.4 1, loos.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

Il SHEETS-SHEET 9.

F. H. PIERPONT.

GUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

APPLICATION IIILED 00T. 1.1906.

Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

11 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

Suva tmf.

F. H. PIERPONT.

CUTTER SHAPING MACHINE.

PPLIoATIoE FILED 00T. 1,1906.

989,636., Patented Apr. 18, 1911.

TED sauras? Parana draaien.

FRANK HINMAN PIERPONT, OF HORLEY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOIt TO LANSTON MONOTYPEMACHINE COMPANY, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OFVIRGINIA.

This invention relates to the art of engraving or die cutting as appliedto the production of the punches used in driving matrices `for typemachines, such asthe monov type and similar machines, and it has to dospecifically with the cutter and the means for producing the same in amanner to secure accuracy and precision in the form, relation andproportion of the cutting edges or faces, whereby not only are theoperations incident to the cutting of the punch greatly simplified andrendered easier of execution by the unskilled operator, but the qualityofA the product and its close vapproximation in `form and det-ail to themaster pattern are assured to a greater degree than by any known methodat present in'use.

The actual cutting of the punch is performed by a special engraving oruncli cutting machine provided with a l lank holder and a rotatingcut-ting tool relatively movable in two directions, the one parallelwith the axis of the cutter, and the other perpendicular thereto. Themovement transverse of the axis of the cutter is effected and controlledthrough the medium of a pantographic system equipped with a' tracer,which is caused to follow the outline of a xed master pat-tern, thelatter an exact copy on an enlarged scale of the type face to be cut.

In order. that the punch may be equipped to resist the great pressurerequired in effecting the drive, and to facilitate the withdrawal ofthetype from the matrix, the side walls of the character are formed at anineline convergin toward and merging into the face, which latter is areproduction, on areduced scale, of the master pattern. lThe anglesoccurring in the face are not all reproduced in the body, but graduallymerge into the curved or inclined side walls. This result is secured bya relative adjustment of CUTTEB-SHAPING MACHINE.

Specication of Letters Patent. Patented Apr, 189 1911, A Application:tiled October 1, 1906. Serial No. 336,989, i

the blank and cutter in a direction parallel with the axis of the latterand by causing the tracer in its 'movement about the pattern lto more orless approximate, without `exact1y following, `the outline of thepattern.v Obviously, in such a system the form of the punch is dependentpartly upon the cutter and partly upon the relative motions of thelatter and the blank, and unless an exact correlation is established andmaintained between said elements it is impossible to predetermine theexact adjustments necessary to produce the desired results; in otherwords, it is essential that the cutting edges of the cutter should be ofknown or standard form and dimensions, each part bearing a knownrelation to the controlling or adjusting agents, in order that theeffect of the latter may be precalculated to the end that ateach stageof adjustment or movement the resultant may be determined with certaintyand precision. Much depends upon the adjusting devices, but unless thecutter'isproperly shaped and of known and exact dimensions, it isimpossible to determine -in advance the exact form of the punch, henceit results that frequent observations of the work followed byreadjustments of the.control devices, to compensate for irregularitiesor departures from the standard, become necessary involving the exerciseof the highest defrree of skilled labor and the consumption of musttime.

Now the object of the present invention is to provide a means wherebycutters of known forms and dimensions, `suited for the Work to beperformed, can be expeditiously and accurately fashioned, and saidinvention is embodied in a machine provided with a lap or other grindingdevice, a cutter-carrier that holds the tool in grinding relation to thelap and a microscope having in it a gage (constituted by, for example,two parallel lines and a cross line) in order that the cutter in thecarrier may be ground to the microscope gage. The cutter-carrier supportand microscope are relatively movable under such mechanical constraint(say by one member of a Cardan joint) that the position of that part ofthe path of the movable element that brings the cutter within themicroscope field and the relation of the cutter to that path arepredetermined and invariable. A stop is also preferably provided wherebythe gaging position of the cutter,

txcept for metal removed by grinding, is ac- :urately predetermined andinvariable in rder that without disturbance of the cut er in the carrieror support, the particular )ortion of the cutter-surface the gage is toest, shall be brought into testing relationship by the simple operationo? bringing .he support to the stop.

Accordin to the preferred form of con ;truction'o machine for carryingout this nvention the cutter-carrying head is supported from the frameby a Cardan joint (one formed or rovided with two pivotal ixes at rightang es) and a templet or guide angages the head and controls and limitsits novement about the joint so that-the cutter :an be moved in theprecise relationship to zhe grinding device which is necessary forJbtaning the required shape.

A further feature of this invention consists in illuminating the cutterwhile under the microscope by projecting light along the optical axis ofthe microscope through the object-glass on to the cutter and alsosimultaneous] from behind the cutter toward the object-g ass.

The cutter roduced by this machine and found to be e best adapted forthe work for which it is intended is in the form of a pointed angularpyramid whereon the inter.- section of adjacent faces affords van edgewhich is first a curve from the point along.

a convex tip, then a straight incline at a given angle with the axis,next a second curve that is the produced first curve, and finally atangent to the second curve slanting outward to the base at an angle tothe axis less than said given angle.

In the accom anying drawings which illustrate the pre erred form'ofembodiment of cutter-grinding machine constructed according to thisinvention: Figure lis a front elevationl of the machine. Fig. 2 is asideelevation .of the same viewed from therightof Fig.l 1. Fig. 3 is a plan'of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is the same view as Fig. 2 but with the dotted workomitted for the sake of clearness; the upper portion of the machine isalso omitted, Figs. 5 to Syinclusive are 4front elevations ofthe templetor guiding and directing means for controlling the movements of the toolholder, the parts beingl shown in different positions of adjustment.lFig. 9`

is a detail view of the joint whereby the cutter carrying head issupported, Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the cutter-carrying head andsupporting joint, Fig. 11 is fa cntral vertical section of the same,Fig. 12 is a rear elevation of the same, Figs. 13 and 14 are details ofthe head, Fig. 15 is a plan of an attachment for the machine, Fig. .16is a front elevation of the machine with the cutter-carryinghead swungout of the operative position, Fig. 16A is'an elevation of an accessoryfor use with this machine. Fig.

' scroscope.

method of gaging the tool under .the mi- Fig. '.18 is a side elevationon Va greatly enlarged scale of a cutter shaped according vto thisinvention, Fig. 19 is an end elevation of the same looking toward thepoint of the cutter. Fig. 20-is an elevation of another form of cuttershaped according to this invention, and Fig. 21 is a side ele vation ofthe same cutter viewed from the right of Fig. 20.

Like letters i the drawings.

lThe lap or grinding diskA is carried by a mandrel B mounted in aheadB1. The mandrel carries a pulley B2. to'receive a belt whereby it may berotated from any con` venient drawing member. The head is adjustableupon its support in va direction transverse to the longltudinal axis ofthe mandrel. This adjustment vis efectedby a `n'dicate like partsthroughout 17 is a diagrammatic view showing the v spindle C having aworm C1 which engages a worm wheel C2 (Fig. 3) The worm wheel C2 iscarried by a screw-threaded spindle C3 which engages al correspondinglythreaded lug on the underside yof the head. The head is carried onguides in itssupport, and the spindle C3 is held against endwlsemovement so that the required adjustment is `obtained Withoutdisplacement of the head in the direction of the longitudinal axis ofthe mandrel, as will be readily understood. The spindle C carries anindex wheel C4 and a stationary index `C5 is secured to the sup.- portof the spindle whereby the degree of adjustment of the head may beaccurately ascertained. The spindle C? also carries anv index wheel C6whereby the degree of rotation imparted to it-may'be read against anindex C7 on a stationary partof` the machine. The index wheel C carriesa handle C8 whereby rit may be rotated inde endently 4 of the spindle Cwhen it is desire to move the head B1 rapidly in one direc/tion or thelother. For this purpose the spindle C isV carried by a pivot in a lug C(Fig. 3) so that it may be rocked linto such"'a 4position that the wormClis liftedout of engagement connected to theframe on a horizontal'faxisE4, and to the head E on an laxis E2 perpendicular to andintersecting'axis E4.A The L head E is formed or provided with a jawywith the worm wheel C2.y Any convenient means may be provided forretaining the worm in its engagedy or disengaged position;

The tool carrying head E1s arranged to oscillate in transverse l.planesand at various angles, tol which end it is equipped with what is knownas a'Cardan joint containing two axes at right angles. form andconstruction is one in which a The preferred block (Figs. 9, 1o and` 11)isk-pivoauy...

portion E1 carrying adjustable center or pivot lscrews e each engaging abearing or seat in p a hardened stud or block e1 fitted to asocketv inthe block E3, the two studs being'located on diametricall opposite sidesof the block, and each provi ed with a dust ring movably applied theretofor contacting with the faces o jam nuts e3 applied to the screws e. Thehorizontal pivotal connection between block Ea and the frame differsslightly from the vertical connection between the block and head in thisthat the inserted stud e on the side next the lap A is provided with areduced cylindrical extension or journal e1 which is received in asleeve e5 removably fitted to its lugs D1, the inner end of said sleevebeing engaged by the outer end of stud e, the object being to minimizewear on this side and thereby preserve the tool carrying head in properrelation to the lapping surface. Projecting from the rear of the jawportion E1 is an operating and controlling lever E15 which engages atemplet or guide F also secured to the base or frame D of the machine.

Mounted rotatably within the head is a tool carrier E (Figs. 10 and 11)and a tool G is indicated therein. This carriermay be of any approvedconstruction adapted to grasp and hold the tool firmly and in theillustration what is known as a jewelers split chuck is shown, equippedwith a screw e for engaging a flat on the tool, and an adjustable gagee?, to assist in properly locating the master tool when adjusting themachine as will presently appear. The carrier also has secured to it anindex or capstan E7 and a catch E8 is provided whereby the capstan maybe rigidly held in any one of four positions. The capstan has fourradial arms and in each arm is a recess E9 with which the pivoted catchE8 may be brought into engagement. An convenient device may be providedfor kicking or retaining the catch in position When engaged with thecapstan arms.

Supported by a bracket D2 from the frame j D of the machine is amicroscope H, Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 16. The microscope and lap A are in suchrelative position that the tool-carrying head E when swung about thehorizontal axis E4 of the Cardan joint may cause the tool G to bebrought either against the lap,

' for grinding, or beneath the object-glass of the microscope, for thepurpose of gaging.

On the'bracket D2 carrying the microscope is a stop D3 (Figs. 1, 4 and16). When the tool is to be viewed beneath themicrosc'ope the head E isbrought back until the lug D8* thereon rests against this stop and asthe head is constrained in its movement about a horizontal axis by thepivots E4 of the Cardan joint and limited in its rearward movement bythe stop, it is only necessary to restrain it from turning about thepivots E2 of the Cardan joint, to insure that the tool shall always bebrought to a predetermined, invariable and final position beneath themicroscope; this turning of the. head is prevented by the operating armor lever E5 engaging the templet F as hereinafter described. j

lVithin the microscope two parallel gage lines H1 (Fig. 17) an( a crossline H2 are provided. In Fig. 17 the field of the microscope isindicated at H3 and the lines H1 cross it in the direction of movementof the cutter as it is carried from the lap A to the gaging positionbeneath the microscope. The tool is shown in dotted position before thelap and in full lines in the field of the microscope, the path of travelbeing indicated by chain lines G1. The glass which carries the gagelines is mounted in a frame H4 (Fig. 2) beneath the e e-piece and may beadjusted relatively to the optical axis of the instrument by ascrew-threaded spindle H5 carrying an index wheel H6 which cooperateswith a stationary index H7.

The method employed for gaging the tool is as follows: A master tool isfirst placed in the carrier and the holder brought back to the ggingposition with lug D3* engaging stop 3. The gage glass is then moveduntil the cutting edge of the tool lies between the lines H1. When inthis position the cross line H2 may be adapted to cut across anyconvenient part of the tool for the purpose of checking the accuracy ofthe gaging position as limited by the stop D1, but this line may bedispensed with if desired. The mas- Y ter tool is then removed from thecarrier, the adjustment of the gage being maintained constant, and thetool to be round is mounted in the carrier. To :facilitate the lappingoperation the blanks may be preliminarily pointed but at an angleexceedin any found 1n the finished cutter as produce The head E is nowadvanced to the lap and grinding effected as hereinafter described.After such grinding the head is brought backagain to the gaging positionand if the machine is properly performing its work, the cutting edo'e ofthe tool corresponding to the ga ed edge of the master tool will lieprecisely etween the lines H1 when the cutter is viewed through themicroscope. As the lap wears the tool which is guided in a predeterminedpath will obviously be left too large so that the cutting edge will notappear bgtween the lines H1. To compensate therefor the lap is advancedb means of the worm spindle C until the too is brought to the correctgage.

It is necessary that the illumination of the tool while beneath themicroscope shall be such that the cutting edge of the tool may beclearly defined. For this purpose light is admitted through an apertureH8 (Fig. 1) above the object-glass indicated at H and deflected by anysuitable device along thc optical axis and through the object-glass onto the cutter. Beneath the object is a mirror lili neously. By usingthem simultaneously thev cutting edge of the tool is sharply defined inthe field of the microscope and can be precisely gaged between the gagelines H1 as described. i

The precise shape of the cutter is obtained by moving the operating armE3 in they templet F. Thetemplet has a vertical slot or guide-way F1(Figs. 4 to 8) fromA the upper end of which extends a horizontal slot orguide-way F2 (Fig. 7 )v and at the lower point and on the opposite sideof the Way F1 is a second horizontal way F3. In the way F3 and yat apoint nearer the'way F1 than the opposite extremity ofthe way F3 is adepression or recess F4 constituting a second short vertical way. At theextreme end of the way F2 is also a short upwardly direeted way F5.Normally the way F2 is closed by a gate F6 hinged at F7 to the guide. Asliding gate F 3 also extends across the horizontal way F3 andconstitutes a stop whereby the arm E3 when traversing the way F3 may beautomatically brought into position to drop into the recess F1. The armE3 enters the way F1 by a slot F1 and is prevented from leaving the sameby a springcontrolled pin F10. When the arm is in the way F1 vitmaintains the head E in an oblique position relatively to thelongitudinal axis of the mandrel B and prevents any turning movement ofthe head about the pivots E2 of the Cardan joint. When the head isbrought back against the stop D3 the arm E5 is practically at the baseof the vertical way F1 as shown in Fig. 6, but as it is raised in theWay, the. head is advanced in a plane parallel with the axis of themandrel VB so that the cutter is advanced from under the microscope tothe lap A. As the head continues its forward movement the cutter ismoved across the edge of the lap whereby that face of the tool towardthe lap is ground. The edges formed on the tool by this means inolinetoward the axis of the cutter at a given angle. The holder may then be ibrought back to the position of rest and the capstan turned so-that thenext pair of arms is brought into engagement with the locking device E3and the tool is then again advanced and a second face ground thereon.This process may be repeated until a pointed angular pyramid is formed,the faces .of which are slightly hollowed by their contact withthecurved face of the lap. A portion of each face is now rounded orcurved in toward the point of the cutter. This is effected by raisingthe operating lever to the level of and then carrying it laterally alongthe horizontal way F3 of the templet.

For this purpose the stop Fs is raised so.

that the operating handle may traverse the whole length of the way. Asthe operating handle is moved along the way F3 the head E turns aboutthe vertical axis E2 of the Cardan joint and the tool being in Contactwith the face of the lap will be correspondingly rounded. Each face ofthe tool is treated in this manner. yThe next step in erating lever maybe readily brought into` position opposite the way F1 and' then droppedinto this recess preliminary to the adjustment of the lap, when byraising the lever E5 the same movement is given to the head as isobtained by moving the lever in the vertical way F1, but with the toolin a different angular relation so that a small portion only of the toolsituated between the ends of the curved part ofeach face is broughtagainst the lap.

Vhen it is desired to produce a cutter with parallel edges the gate F1is opened and the operating lever carried along the transverse way F2 tothe vertical way F5 at the end thereof. This brings the head into suchposition that the longitudinal axis of the cutter lies parallel withthat of the mandrel B so that if the operating lever is now raised inthe guide F5 the tool will be carried lacross the face of the lap inthis position and the desired shape will thus be obtained.

The form of cutter found most efficient for shaping the matrix punchesis shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 18 and 19. It Will be seen thatit comprises a pointed angular pyramid whereon the intersection ofadjacent faces affords an edge which is first a curve from the pointalong a convex tip such curved portion being shown as extending from Jto J1; then a straight incline at a given angle with theaxis whichextends from J1 to J2 and next a second curve from J2 to J3 and finallya tangent tov the second curve slanting outward to the base at an angleless than that atwhich the straight portion J1 J2 is set to the axis andextending from J 3 to J tin' -the figure. portion J3 to J 1 is formed bythe movementv of the operating lever in the Way F1. Th curved portionsJ2 to J3 and J to J1 are produced by movement of the `operating leverthrough the transverse way F3 and the',

straight portion J1 to J2 is obtained by move- The straight y It issometimes found convenient to provide this tool with a chisel edge asindicated in Figs. 20 and 21 instead of the point l shown in Figs. 18and 19. When this is the case the spring-controlled pin F10 is raised sothat the operating lever can pass out from the guide plate into theposition shown in Fig. S. As 1t reaches the upper end of this verticalexterior guide, the point of the tool is brought against the-lap so thatone angle is flattened as shown at J5. The tool vis then turned throughan angle of 180o in the carrier and again brought against the lapwhereby the opposite angle is similarly flattened.

For operating the catch E8 (Figs. 10 to 14) a cam lever El isconveniently employed. The lever is pivoted in the head E and the cam Ebears against the springcontrolled arm El2 secured to a rock shaft Ewhich carries the two arms of the catch. When the lever -is in theposition shown in Fig. 10, the cam is turned so that it depresses thearm E", against the action of its spring E, whereby the shaft El3 isrocked and the arms E8 of the catch withdrawn from the recesses E in thecapstan arms, but when the cam lever is turned in the position shown inFig. 11, the Hat porticn of the cani E11 is turned around toward the armE so that this is lifted by its v spring E and the catch engages thecapstan arms.

" The lap A is preferably of metal charged with diamond dust and anattachment isl provided for recharging it when required. At the rear ofthe machine, brackets l)4 (Fig. 15) are provided to receive a s indle Kcarrying a disk K1. The diamon dust mixed with oil is made to adhere tothe edge of the disk K1 and the mandrel head B1 is then advanced towardit so that the lap is brought into contact with the disk. The spindle Kcarries a pulley K2 whereby it may be rotated. As the charging disk K1rotates it carries around wit-h it the lap A and embeds the diamond dustin the same.

For accurately positioning the lap relatively to the cutter holder E a.socket L (Fig. 11) normally closed by a-plug L1 is provided in the blockE3 constituting the central member of the Cardan joint. When itisdesired to adjust the lap the plug L1 is withdrawn and the reduced endL3 (Figs. 16 and 16A) of a positioning pin L2 1s entered in the socket.yThe operating arm E of the head E is then carried out of the guide plateand brought into a vertical position against a stop L4 (Fig. 16) on theframe of the machine. By this movement the head E is swung about thehorizontal pivots E4 of the Cardan joint so that it assumes an'approximately horizontal position while the pin L2 is vertical. The lapis then advanced until it just touches the nin L2 and as soon as ittouches the pin (which may be detected by a microphone) it is withdrawna known distance by rotatingV provided whereby the tool may be broughtdirect from the lap to a predetermined and invariable position beneaththe microscope for the pur ose of gaging the tool.

Having t us described my said invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a cutter-grinding machine the combination with a cutter-carryinghead supported from the frame by a Cardan joint, of a templet or guideengaging the head to control and limit its movement about that joint.

2. In a cutter shaping machine the com bination of the followingelements, to wit; a rotary grinding or lapping member; a cutter carrierpivotally supported to oscillate freely `in transverse direction aboutintersecting axes; an operating or controlling member connected withsaid carrier for oscillating the latter about said axes; and means forpositively guiding and directing the movements of said operating orcontrolling member.

3. In a cutter shaping machine the combination of the followingelements, to wit; a rotary grinding or lapping member; a cutter carriermounted to oscillate about transverse axes and provided with a toolholder and a guiding member; and means for positively directing saidguiding member.

4. In a cutter shaping machine the combination of the followingelements, to wit; a rotary grinding or lappin member; a tool carriermounted to oscil ate in transverse planes and provided with a toolholder and a guiding or directin member; and means engaged by saidguidlng or directing member for positively determining the d1- rectionof movement of said carrier in transverse directions.

5. In a cutter shaping machine the combination of the followingelements, to wit, a rotary grinding member; a tool carrier mounted tooscillate in intersectin planes and provided with a revoluble too holderand a controlling member; and means operating upon said controllingmember for determining the movements of the tool carn rier and the pathof the tool while in contact with the grinding surface.

l erating member in parallel planes i' said tool holder.

6. In a cutter shaping machine'the combination of the followingelements, to wit; a revoluble tool holder rovided with an index; acarrier therefor plvotally supported to oscillate upon axes disposed atright angles; an operating member coupled with said carrier; andmeansfor guiding said opperpendicular to one aXis of oscillation. s

7. In a cutter shaping machine, the combination of the followingelements, to wit; a tool holder; a carrier therefor pivoted to'oscillate about transverse axes; a guiding member coupled with saidcarrier; and a means engaging said guiding member to determinepositively the path traversed by- 8. In a cutter shaping machine, thecombination of the following elements, to wit; a lapping member; acarrier provided vwith a cutter holder and supported to oscillateabout'transverse axes; a controlling'member coupled with said carrier;and a -templet or guide for said controlling member.v

9. lIn a cutter shaping machine the comf bination of the` followingelements, to wit; a lapping member; a carrier mounted 'to oscillate ontransverse axes and provided f with a cutter holder; a controllingmember coupled with saidv carrier; and a templet engaglng saidcontrolling member to direct the path of the carrierand its holder, saidtem let. provided with a plurality of parallel gui es and atransverseguide communicating therewith.

10. AIn a lcutter shapingmachine, provided Y l,with a lapping member, atool holder mounted upon a carrier su ported to oscillate'in transverseplanes, an a controlling member coupled with said carrier to direct itsmovement, and in combination therewith, a templet engaging saidcontrolling member provided with a plurality of guides in parallelrelation and a transverse guide communicating with said first namedguides.

11. In a cutter shaping machine rovided with a lapping member,oscillating tool holder and controlling member for the latter and incombination therewith a templet or guide for said controlling memberprovided with aplurality of guides or ways and movable gates or stops.

12. In a cutter shaping machine, the combination with a rotary lappingorl grinding member, ofv a cutter-carrier supported to freely oscillateabout transverse axes and an actuating means coupled with said'carrierfor-effecting its movement about either axis.

13.. Ina cutter shaping machine the combination of the followingelements, to wit; a rotary grinding or lapping member; a revoluble toolholder provided with an index; acarrier for said holder mounted toreciprocate in either of two relatively transverse planes; means coupledwith said carrierv for moving the latter in either of said directions;,and a templet restrainin the motion of the carrierin either directionwhile permittingl such motion in the other direction.

FRANK HINMAN PIERPONT. Witnesses: H. JAMESON, F. L.,] .:\.A1\IIA .A

